Peace is born in the womb of war. (2.10). A portion of the Vedas deals with three modes---goodness, passion, and ignorance---of material Nature. One should first replace the lower desires with higher desires and then renounce the highest desires also and become absolutely free. The essence and fruits of reading each of the Chapters of the Bhagavad Gita is given here for the benefit of readers of this site. In this chapter, Lord Krishna explains the concepts of action with detachment and renunciation in actions and how both are a means to the same goal of salvation. Arjuna said: O Krishna, what are the marks of an enlightened person whose intellect is steady? A scripture is like a finite pond that derives its water from the infinite ocean of Truth. (2.45), To the enlightened person, who has realized the true nature of the Self within, the Vedas become as useful as a small reservoir of water when the water of a huge lake becomes available. It is like trying to extinguish a fire with gasoline. (2.26-27). In this chapter, Lord Krishna reveals how spiritual knowledge can be received and the paths of action and wisdom to be taken. Thus, all those who supported Kauravas were basically aggressors and deserved to be eliminated. (2.34) The great warriors will think that you have retreated from the battle out of fear. Swami Karmananda says: The essence of KarmaYoga is to go to work just to please the creator; mentally renounce the fruits of all action; and let God take care of the results. Death is not the end of the journey of the living entity. Gain superior strength and knowledge in devotional service by reciting and hearing the divine conversation between Krsna and Arjuna. Dharma and selfishness cannot stay together. If you will not fight this battle of good over evil, you will fail in your duty, lose your reputation as a warrior, and incur sin (by not doing your duty). (2.06), Arjuna was unable to decide what to do. (2.02), Do not become a coward, O Arjuna, because it does not befit you. This chapter also summarizes the contents of the Gita. One should not lament the death of anybody at all. The science of transcendental knowledge has been imparted to you, O Arjuna. ... expounds the high philosophy of the Atman in the following words: You pretend to be a wise man in speech, but your behaviour is like that of the most ignorant. The reality of these two is indeed certainly seen by the seers of truth. We have used the English words: Self, Spirit, spirit, soul, or individual soul interchangeably for different aspects of Atma (or Sat). (2.25), In the previous verses Krishna asked us not to worry about the indestructible spirit. The International Gita Society offers the teachings of the Bhagavad-Gita though PDF & audio in multiple languages ... discussed in the above verse, is sinless. It is eternal, all-pervading, changeless, immovable, and primeval. Everything is His manifestation. (2.43), The resolute determination for God-realization is not possible for those ignorant ones who are attached to pleasure and power and whose judgment is obscured by ritualistic activities for fulfillment of material desires. One’s agony is reduced a little by speaking of it to a trusted friend. In this Chapter, Lord Krishna tells us about the three divisions of faith and how these different qualities determine that character of human beings and their consciousness in this world. Just as in a deam a king becomes beggar, or a pauper becomes king of heaven, yet on waking one does not gain or loose anything, so must one look upon this world. Find your way in the darkness of the night of adversity with the torch of the scriptures and faith in God. They are transitory and impermanent. Arjuna now requests Krishna for guidance. The poem is a dialogue between Prince Arjuna, the brother of King Yudhisthira, and Vishnu , the Supreme God, incarnated as Krishna , and wearing the disguise of a charioteer. (2.14), Because a calm person---who is not afflicted by these sense objects and is steady in pain and pleasure---becomes fit for salvation. (2.72). Therefore, you should not mourn for anybody. It is also called the Unified Field, Supreme Spirit, Divine Person, and Total Consciousness that is responsible for the sense perceptions in all living beings by functioning through mind and intellect. The latter, a "huge conglomeration of stirring adventure, legend, myth, history, and superstition," is a composite production, begun probably as early as the fourth or fifth century before Christ, and completed by the end of the sixth century of our era. Some say that the all-pervading Supersoul is the causal body who is conducting everything and remains compassionately detached. (2.62), Delusion or wrong ideas arise from anger. The fruits of vice and virtue grow only on the tree of selfishness, not on the tree of selfless service. Dharma (righteousness) protects those who protect Dharma (morality, justice, and righteousness). (2.31), Only the fortunate warriors, O Arjuna, get such an opportunity for a righteous war against evil that is like an open door to heaven. Rituals have played a great role in spiritual life, but they have been greatly abused. The word ‘Atma’ has been also used in the ‘Gita’ for the lower self (body, mind, and senses), psyche, intellect, soul, spirit, subtle senses, oneself, ego, heart, human beings, Eternal Being (Brahma), Absolute Truth, individual soul, and the supersoul or the supreme Self, depending on the context. (2.51), When your intellect shall completely overcome the mire of delusion (regarding Self and non-Self), then you will become indifferent to what has been heard and what is yet to be heard (from the scriptures). To work without expecting success or good results would be meaningless, but to be fully prepared for the unexpected should be an important part of any planning. Not to oppose an evil is to indirectly support it. We should not even wish to live after killing our cousin brothers who are standing in front of us. Acting only in one’s own self-interest is sinful. CHAPTER I: Arjun-Vishad - Lamenting the Consequence of War, CHAPTER VII: Vijnanayog - Knowledge of the Supreme Truth, Bhagavad Gita Quotes for Condolence and Healing, The Darshanas: An Introduction to Hindu Philosophy, The Story of the Mahabharata, India's Longest Epic Poem, The Birth of the Popular Hindu God Krishna, Characters of the Mahabharata: Glossary of Names (A to H), Characters of the Mahabharata: Glossary of Names (P to Y), M.A., English Literature, University of North Bengal. (Spirit or Atma is beyond time and space.) The tranquil mind of a yogi is like an ocean that takes in the rivers of desire without being disturbed by them because a yogi does not think about personal gain or loss. Equanimity and spiritual progress result from selfless service, whereas work with selfish motives create the bonds of Karma as well as great disappointments. When a person learns to control or withdraw the senses from sense objects, as a tortoise retracts its limbs inside its shell in time of danger and cannot be forced to extend its limbs again until the trouble is over, the lamp of Self-knowledge becomes lighted, and one perceives the self-effulgent Supreme Being within (MB 12.174.51). International Gita Society Established 1984. What could be more painful to you than this? Webster defines Atman or Atma as the 'World Soul', from which all souls derive and the Supreme Abode to which they return. The few and rare critical reviews of the Gita. They both come and go in life. Do your duty in life---to the best of your ability---as God’s personal servant without any regard for the personal enjoyment of the fruits of your work. Lord Krishna is urging Arjuna to fight---but not to kill wantonly---in order to establish peace and law and order on earth as a matter of a warrior's duty. Bhagavad Gita Chapter-Wise Importance || Bhagavad-Gita Tatvam || Karya Siddhi || Archana || Bhakthi TV Watch Bhakthi TV by Rachana Television. The best way to purify the senses and control them perfectly like a tortoise, is to engage them in the service of God at all times. This would mean that Lord Krishna should not expect Arjuna to understand and follow His teachings! A question may arise: Should one lament the death of (the destructible body of) our near and dear ones at all? According to Shankara, this verse means one who has completely removed the veil of ignorance and realized the Truth, becomes indifferent to the Vedic texts that prescribe details of performing rituals for the attainment of desired fruits. Why should I Read Bhagavad Gita – Bhagavad Gita is the most quintessential literature among all Vedic compositions. A valiant person must fight with the spirit of a warrior---with a will and determination for victory---and without any compromise with the forces of evil and difficulties. To satisfy a desire is like drinking salt water that will never quench thirst, but will increase it. (See also 6.03-04) (2.48). Chapter wise Srimad Bhagavad Gita in PDF format Bhagavad Gita by Jaya Row Crisis Management - A Case Study of Arjuna`s Rescue, Relief and Rehabilitation by Sri Krishna Just as a caterpillar takes hold of another object before leaving an object, similarly the living entity (or soul) obtains a new body before or after leaving the old one (BrU 4.4.03). Mukti means the complete destruction of all impressions of desires from the causal body. He or she has learned to enjoy the joy of service. The highest philosophy of pure monism is the topmost rung of the ladder. Once the goal is reached, they have served their purpose. To the Western reader much of the discussion seems childish and illogical; but these elements are mingled with passages of undeniable sublimity. The desire for fruit takes one to the dark alley of sin and prevents one’s real growth. In other words, we should learn how live for Krishna and thus getting the mercy of Krishna. (See also 2.48, 6.03, 10.10, and 18.57) (2.49), A KarmaYogi or the selfless person becomes free from both vice and virtue in this life itself. The Spirit by whom with this entire universe is pervaded is indestructible. This book “The Role Of The Bhagavad Gita In Indian Life” was written by Premnath Bazaz ( a Kashmiri Pandit and freedom fighter). What does a person of steady intellect think and talk about? During the centuries in which Buddhism was establishing itself in the east of India, the older Brahmanism in the west was undergoing the changes which resulted in the Hinduism which is now the prevailing religion of India. Rules for best benefits from Bhagavad Gita Even if someone listens Gita with faith, he will get benefits. Therefore, get up with a determination to fight, O Arjuna. The concluding day of Gurudev’s discourse on the Bhagavad Gita chapter 14 was filled with pearls of wisdom, practical examples, which helped us savor the very nectar of pure and high living. 3.When done together with Pranayama (breath-control exercises),sins of even past births are cleared. In this Chapter, Lord Krishna reveals the transcendental characteristics of the omnipotent, omniscient and omnipresent and explains the purpose and value of knowing and realizing God. Remain tranquil and unconcerned with the thoughts of acquisition and preservation of material objects. One cannot see one’s face in a pot of water that is disturbed by the wind, similarly one is unable to realize one’s true Self when the mind and senses remain perturbed by the winds of material desires (MB 12.204.03). Different schools of thought, cults, systems of philosophy, ways of worship, and spiritual practices found in the Vedic culture are different rungs in the ladder of yoga. Generally, it is thought that one works harder when one is deeply interested in, or attached to, the fruits of work. When done together with Pranayama (breath-control exercises), sins of even past births are cleared. Without Self-perception there is no peace, and without peace there can be no happiness. Working to the best of one’s abilities without becoming attached to the fruits of work is called KarmaYoga or Seva. Unauthorized killing is punishable in all circumstances: A life for life. This is called Prasada Buddhi, BuddhiYoga, KarmaYoga and surrendering to His Will. One should not fight or even joke or speak sarcastically with superiors, even if they hurt you. There was never a time when these monarchs, you, or I did not exist, nor shall we ever cease to exist in the future. Even the joy of going to heaven is followed by the sorrow of coming back to the earth; therefore, worldly objects should not be the main goal of human life. (2.35), Your enemies will speak many unmentionable words and scorn your ability. Bhagavad Gita is a practical guide to one's life that guides you to re-organise your life, achieve inner peace and approach the Supreme Lord (the Ultimate Reality). Work is done more efficiently when the mind is not bothered continuously---consciously or subconsciously---with the outcome, good or bad, of an action. Everything, except Atma, is considered second order of Reality, Asat (Mithya), changeable or unreal. Further, we do not know whether we will conquer them or they will conquer us. Krishna explained the power of devotion in the Bhagavad Gita. The selfless action is also called Seva, KarmaYoga, sacrifice, yoga of work, science of proper action, and yoga of equanimity. Real peace and happiness are achieved, not by sense gratification, but by sense control. Thus nothing is really real in the creation. The individual soul becomes blissful and filled with joy after knowing God. Translated from Original Sanskrit by Sir Edwin Arnold. While most people sleep and make dream plans in the night of the illusory world, a yogi keeps awake because he or she is detached from the world while living in it. (2.37), Treating pleasure and pain, gain and loss, and victory and defeat alike, engage yourself in the battle. If you read Bhagavad-gita daily, you will get the benefit of performing ashvamedha sacrifice. The latter is technically not an entity as it cannot be measured. God helps the valiant who adhere to morality. It also means way of life, doctrine, principle, prescribed duty, righteousness, right action, integrity, ideal conduct, custom, virtue, nature, essential quality, commandments, moral principles, spiritual truth, spirituality, spiritual values, and a function within the scriptural injunction or religion. Feel impetus to chant Bhagavad-gita everyday knowing that others are doing it with you. The benefits of reading the Gita, according to the Gita itself, are: Freedom from fear and sorrow Attaining Visnu Padam (the state of Vishnu, the omnipresent preserver.) You are entitled to perform your respective duty only, but have no control or claim over the results. We have absolutely no control over all the factors that determine the results. Rise above these three modes, be ever Self-conscious and free from the tyranny of pairs of opposites. Matter has three qualities (guna): the lucid (sattva), the passionate (rajas) and the sluggish (tamas). It is the uniting of the individual soul with the Supersoul. Thus, pain is born in the womb of pleasure. The word, Bhagavad means God and Gita means a song which together makes it as “The song of God” . Inevitable death is not the end of life; it is only an end of a perishable, physical body. The wise work for all of society, whereas the ignorant work only for themselves or their children and grandchildren. Ascetics keep awake or detached in the night of mundane existence of life because they are in quest of the highest truth. (2.23-24), The Spirit is said to be unexplainable, incomprehensible, and immutable. A person is called an enlightened sage of steady intellect whose mind is unperturbed by adversity, who does not crave pleasures, and who is completely free from attachment, fear, and anger. One attains peace when all desires dissipate within the mind without creating any mental disturbance, just as river waters enter the full ocean without creating any disturbance. Be a witness to it. Thus Bhagavad Gita represents Krishna Himself. The main ancient sources of information with regard to these Hindu beliefs and practises are the two great epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Arjuna had a valid point. This verse means that we should not expect only favorable results of our choices and should accept all results as Prasada (Grace) from God. It is getting out of body-consciousness and attaining a state of Self-consciousness. In this Chapter, Lord Krishna grants Arjuna's wish and reveal His universal form - thus showing him His entire existence. Questions of the pleasure of success or the pain of failure do not arise because a KarmaYogi is always on the path of service without waiting to enjoy the fruit or even the flower of work. Benefits of Reading the BHAGWAT GITA 1. Therefore, be a selfless worker, O Arjuna. A yogi is always aware of the Spirit about which others are unaware. Reflecting like this, one must learn to tolerate the blows of time with patience and learn not only to endure, but also to expect, welcome, and enjoy both the joys as well as the sorrows of life. Lamentation is due to attachment, and attachment binds the individual soul to the wheel of transmigration. Success in any undertaking becomes easier if one works hard without being bothered by the outcome. (2.67). Self cannot be perceived by our physical senses because Self is beyond the domain of the senses. Our physical body is subject to birth, growth, maturity, reproduction, decay, and death; whereas the Self is eternal, indestructible, pure, unique, all knower, substratum, unchangeable, self-luminous, the cause of all causes, all pervading, unaffectable, immutable, and inexplicable. Entitled “The Yoga of Meditation”, chapter 6 of the Bhagavad Gita elucidates meditation as the final gateway to Self Realisation. Lord Krishna and Lord Buddha both disapproved the misuse of Vedic rituals, not the rituals as such. The word ‘yoga’ has also been defined in the following verses of the Gita: 2.50, 2.53, 6.04, 6.08, 6.19, 6.23, 6.29, 6.31, 6.32, and 6.47. It can mislead even a wise striving seeker (BP 5.06.02-05). Two types of people are happy in this world: those who are completely ignorant and those who are truly wise. That from which the origin, sustenance, and dissolution of this universe are derived is called the Absolute (BS 1.01.02, TaU 3.01.01). Bhagavad Gita Summary (Swami Tapasyananda) Preface ... we start the first chapter of the Bhagavat Gita. The welfare of the individual lies in the welfare of society. The Vedic scriptures are very clear on this point in regard to killing human beings or any other living entity. All schools and cults are necessary. Change is the law of nature---change from summer to winter, from spring to fall, from the light of the full moon to the darkness of the new moon. In this chapter, Arjuna accepts the position of a disciple of Lord Krishna and requests him to instruct on how to dispel his grief. How does such a person behave with others, and live in this world? The subtle craving lurks like a robber ready to rob the striver at the appropriate opportunity, as explained below: Restless senses, O Arjuna, forcibly carry away the mind of even a wise person striving for perfection. The awakened sages call a person wise when all his undertakings are free from anxiety about results. To enjoy the fruits of work should not be your motive, and you should never be inactive. (2.64). It takes two to play a game. One is considered awake when one is free from worldly desires (TR 2.92.02). (2.70) Torrents of the river of desire can carry away the mind of a materialistic person as a river carries away wood and other objects in its path. A sage who sees is unaware of the experience of sense objects about which others are aware. I learned these six things: 1. In this chapter, the stage is set for the conversation between Lord Krishna & Arjuna in the battlefield of Kurukshetra in about c. 3102 B.C. (2.55). (2.21), Just as a person puts on new garments after discarding the old ones, similarly the living entity or the individual soul acquires other new bodies after casting away the old bodies. KarmaYogis are freed from the bondage of rebirth due to renouncing (attachment to) the fruits of all work, and they attain a blissful divine state of salvation or Nirvana. Maya comes in between Brahman and the world. Therefore, you should not lament over the inevitable death. When the desire for happiness disappears, so does the sorrow. Chaitanya Charan Das is a celibate spiritual teacher at ISKCON Pune. The Bhagavad-Gita ("Song of the Blessed One"), one of the best-known Hindu texts, is itself only a section of the Mahabharata, one of the Indian epics. If you read Bhagavad-gita daily, you will get the benefit of performing ashvamedha sacrifice. Sorrow exists because the desire for happiness exists. KarmaYoga purifies the mind and is a very powerful and easy spiritual discipline that one can practice while living and working in society. The benefits of reading the Gita, according to the Gita itself, are: Freedom from fear and sorrow Attaining Visnu Padam (the state of Vishnu, the omnipresent preserver.) A person should work without any motive as a matter of duty for a greater cause of helping humanity rather than just helping oneself, one's children, or a few individuals. The Sanskrit word ‘Nirvana’ in Buddhism is thought to be the cessation of worldly desires and ego. The conversation takes place in a war-chariot, stationed between the armies of the Kauravas and Pandavas, who are about to engage in battle. (2.08), Sanjaya said: O King, after speaking like this to Lord Krishna, the mighty Arjuna said to Krishna: I shall not fight, and became silent. Equanimity of mind is called KarmaYoga (because equanimity leads to union with God). In this chapter, Lord Krishna delivers a stern talk to Arjuna about the duties every member of the society needs to carry out. There is no sin in killing an aggressor. Weapons do not cut this Spirit, fire does not burn it, water does not make it wet, and the wind does not make it dry. The human mind is ever ready to deceive and play tricks. The game cannot continue if the pairs of opposites are altogether eliminated. The Spirit is not destroyed when the body is destroyed. (2.47). If one dies without conquering the great enemy---desires---one has to reincarnate to fight this enemy again and again till victory (MB 12.16.24). Therefore, the scriptures suggest one should not mourn, but pray for several days after the person’s death for salvation of the departed soul. Rituals create a holy and blissful atmosphere. Gaining this state, even at the end of one’s life, a person attains the very goal of human life by becoming one with God. There is no religion better than selfless service. Nothing can hurt one if the mind can be trained to with stand the impulse of the pairs of opposites---joys and sorrows, pains and pleasures, loss and gain. (2.52). Death is the separation of the subtle body from the physical body. Desire for sense objects comes from attachment to sense objects, and anger comes from unfulfilled desires. Sorrow is only a prelude to happiness and vice versa. Rituals must be changed with time and backed up by devotion and good deeds. Reasoning is destroyed when the mind is bewildered. Work done with selfish motives is inferior by far to selfless service. To the honorable, dishonor is worse than death. The mind is bewildered by delusion. Sin in Hinduism is nothing but the Karmic bondage responsible for transmigration. They are regarded as a heavenly ship (RV 10.63.10) and criticized as a frail raft (MuU 1.2.07). Life is a continuous battle between the forces of evil and goodness. All sorrows are destroyed upon attainment of tranquility. Dexterity or skillfulness in work lies in not getting bound by the bonds of one’s Karma or worldly duty. The first chapter, as we saw in the last part, sets up the stage. In this Chapter, Lord Krishna shows us the difference between the physical body and the immortal soul - the transitory and the perishable vis-a-vis the immutable and the eternal. In this Chapter, Lord Krsishna summarizes the takeaways from the previous chapters and describes the attainment of salvation by the paths of karma and jnana yoga as Arjuna learns to tell nectar from poison and returns to war. Quotes on Gita ‘If one reads Bhagavad-Gita very sincerely and with all seriousness,then by the grace of the Lord the reactions of his past misdeeds will not act upon him’ Lord Shiva to Parvatidevi, Gita-Mahatmya 2. Pain and pleasure, birth and death, loss and gain, union and separation are inevitable, being under the control of one’s past deeds or Karma, like the coming of day and night. 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